There are many vaccinations available for dogs but not all dogs need all the vaccinations every year. Nowadays, vaccines are classed as either "core" or "non-core". In general, "core" vaccines are considered those that should be given routinely to most dogs because of the highly infectious, widespread distribution and potential severity of the disease. "Non-core" vaccines are considered those for diseases against which, not every animal needs to be protected. The decision to use a "non-core" vaccine should be based on assessment of individual lifestyle and risk.

Lifestyle influencers are key to the risks of infectious disease and useful questions to consider include:

• What is the age and background of your dog? 
• Where and how does he/she live? 
• Are there any other pets in the home? 
• Does your dog live in an urban or rural area? 
• Will your dog stay in a boarding cattery or attend dog shows? 

These questions may have a direct relevance to determining the appropriate vaccination programme for your dog.

Almost regardless of the individual lifestyle of a dog, UK vets recommend vaccination against distemper, parvovirus, infectious hepatitis and leptospirosis - these are generally seen as "core" vaccines. There may be other vaccinations that are appropriate for your dog and you should discuss the individual vaccination programme with your vet.